Number — Grade 5

• Add and subtract decimals

  Litnumia skill: Add and subtract decimals

  Heavy use of visual models (fraction strips, number lines, area models); Ontario says 'fourths'; equivalence and operations reasoned through models before symbols.

• Add and subtract fractions with the same denominator

  Litnumia skill: Add and subtract fractions with the same denominator

  Delayed to Grade 5 and kept contextual; fractions decomposed into unit fractions on number lines.

• Add and subtract large numbers

  Litnumia skill: Add and subtract large numbers

  Student-invented and mental strategies first (decomposing, compensating, open number lines); standard algorithms are consolidated later than in other systems.

• Factors and multiples

  Litnumia skill: Factors and multiples

  Represent numbers with a variety of tools (ten-frames, base-ten blocks, number lines) and contexts; students explain their reasoning and compose/decompose numbers flexibly.

• Fraction and decimal equivalents

  Litnumia skill: Fraction and decimal equivalents

  Heavy use of visual models (fraction strips, number lines, area models); Ontario says 'fourths'; equivalence and operations reasoned through models before symbols.

• Long multiplication

  Litnumia skill: Long multiplication

  Students may use partial products or the area model alongside the standard algorithm.

• Mixed numbers and improper fractions

  Litnumia skill: Mixed numbers and improper fractions

  Heavy use of visual models (fraction strips, number lines, area models); Ontario says 'fourths'; equivalence and operations reasoned through models before symbols.

• Multi-step addition and subtraction problems

  Litnumia skill: Multi-step addition and subtraction problems

  Student-invented and mental strategies first (decomposing, compensating, open number lines); standard algorithms are consolidated later than in other systems.

• Multiplication facts to 12 × 12

  Litnumia skill: All multiplication facts

  Equal groups and arrays with tools; students choose among flexible strategies (halving/doubling, partial products) before standard algorithms in later grades.

• Multiply fractions by whole numbers

  Litnumia skill: Multiply fractions by whole numbers

  Heavy use of visual models (fraction strips, number lines, area models); Ontario says 'fourths'; equivalence and operations reasoned through models before symbols.

• Round and order decimals

  Litnumia skill: Round and order decimals

  Heavy use of visual models (fraction strips, number lines, area models); Ontario says 'fourths'; equivalence and operations reasoned through models before symbols.

• Round to any power of ten

  Litnumia skill: Round to any power of ten

  Represent numbers with a variety of tools (ten-frames, base-ten blocks, number lines) and contexts; students explain their reasoning and compose/decompose numbers flexibly.